Research Paper on Homelessness

Directors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theDirectors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited. Answer: Presentation At the point when an individual is alloted as an official or an executive of the organization, at that point they are constrained with numerous commitments by the custom-based law and furthermore the necessary arrangements which they have to recognize while satisfying the duties. Such commitments are regularly known as the chiefs obligation. One of the obligations which the executive have concerning the organization, is which they have to have a least degree of perseverance and care when they are satisfying the duty. Such explicit obligations are likewise pronounced unmistakably in the arrangements under s. 180 of Corporation Act 2001 (Cth), and furthermore some noteworthy instances of the customary law. During the time the chiefs are believed to be bombing in the gave obligations then they are believed to be charged by the arrangements, in which they are punished by budgetary punishments and furthermore suspension. ASIC v Padbury Mining Limited [2016] FCA 990 case likewise was in re gards to comparative obligations referenced previously. Realities of the case This case is in regards to a declaration which was finished by the organization according to the exposure commitments under the CA which a substance recorded with the Australian Securities Exchange have. The court in the accompanying case denied the chiefs of the organization who were engaged with this case and the boycott was for a long time. The court additionally announced a punishment of total of $25,000 thinking about the infringement of the demonstration. The executives are supposed to be liable for abusing the s. 180 as couldn't prevent the organization from expressing a declaration in which it said that they will get a store of sum $6 million, they were getting the reserve as they were moving out an undertaking of development in the Western Australia. The declaration was announced on tenth April 2014, and contained the terms as follows. Making sure about the assets for the Western Australia venture was done effectively by the organization. The assets were given on the standing which were remembered for the understanding with respect to the investors and were given by the private financial specialist. This task was pronounced to be extended by the Midwest Infrastructure Pty The organization had neglected to pronounce while making the declaration that they yet required staying with the terms which were referenced in the understanding for the reason for acquiring the assets which they required for the Western Australia venture. The terms expressed that to gain an entirety of $1.3 billion as bank ensure prior too when they can be took into consideration getting the required sum for the Western Australia venture. The association had focused on the Australian security trade to stop the exchanging of offers with the organization later which again mentioned to rise. Inside that time interim just about 200 Million of portions of that organization were at that point exchanged. At the point when the organization did the exchanging at snappy costs they settled on an assertion that their concurrence as for the financer has been finished. The negated executives obligations In an organization the executives need to have a least conceivable standard of tirelessness and care while satisfying the obligations which are there for the organization which is referenced explicitly in s. 180(1) CA 2001. The achievement done by the executive is coordinated with an unbelievable chief the one is put under similar conditions and by such methods they can find whether the executive of that organization has indicated the base force of industriousness and care while satisfying the obligation. Such obligations are considered to be damaged if no reasonable chief of the organization is seen taking the activities in a comparative circumstance a genuine executive would do. Numerous reasons by methods for which, it is proclaimed that the accompanying organization has damaged the obligations referenced in the CA. A deceptive and beguiling conduct which was most likely made to hoodwink or delude was spoiled by the companys executives. Spoiling such conduct is additionally an infringement of the s. 1041H. Be that as it may, the tricky and deluding conduct about the chiefs was that the business was made to do, by declaring regarding the matter of shielded account from an investor which they had really didn't secure as this understanding was presented to very temporary terms. The association additionally neglected to continue in consistence with the necessity of fitting revelation. The association expected to make reference to that the accompanying understanding was exposed to amazingly temporary terms. It was additionally ineffective to uncover before the network in regards to the real name of the investor, the individual who was going to give the reserve for the obligatory business. Court Decision Analysis The ASIC otherwise called Australian security venture commission began a legitimate continuing contrary to the culpable organization and all the executives who were associated with it. The ASIC was anxious to get an announcement from the court against the organization, as they abused the demonstration of beguiling and misdirecting conduct under s. 1041H. They likewise needed an announcement under the arrangements of the s. 674(2) with respect to the infringement done by the organization that was the disappointment in making the appropriate admission in regards to the declaration. It was likewise referenced by the Australian guard dogs that the executives of the organization have additionally damaged the s. 1041H next to s. 674(2). Then, the ASIC needed an explanation which was in regards to infringement of the previously mentioned areas, alongside that they additionally abused s. 180(1). The ASIC requests the purview for a request for suspension under s. 206C and furthermore budgetary discipline under s. 1317E, to all the heading of the organization. The gatherings did a masterminded presentation in regards to the case under the Evidence Act s. 191 of 1995. Such announcements were setting out toward punishment hearing. There were minutes of continuing introduced to the court by the gatherings. According to the arrangements of s. 180(1) the court pronounced that the infringement of the area was finished by the chiefs of thee organization comparable to their obligations. The infringement was with respect to the stipend allowed by them for offering such an expression. The chiefs of the organization were very much aware of the way that on the off chance that they let the declaration complete, at that point it would insubordinately abuse the arrangements of s. 1041H, and the conduct will make out of tricky and misdirecting conduct would presumably bamboozle or deceive. Then, such infringement of the segment implies significant loss of status of the organization, any reasonable chief in comparable circumstance not have permitted something like this. The people who put their time and cash were in actuality given an inappropriate impression about the declaration done by the organization, as they bolstered the exchanging. Nonetheless, the second when the organization offered such expressions, the disappointment for the organization to make the required admission, as indicated by the arrangements under s. 674(2) which was to ensure that very temporary terms are revealed. The chiefs of the organization additionally consented to the way that they were well proficient that they required to be totally persuaded before they offer approach to finish the declaration with respect to the assets. However, by knowing the real factors of this case it is seen that the chiefs have not so much done something like this. They realized that the terms identified with the contact were very temporary significantly in the wake of knowing it they didn't bring it into investigation while the declaration was done (FCA 990 at 58). It was obviously expressed by the court on account of Commonwealth of Australia v Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate (2015) 326 ALR 476 that the administration or the offended party serving body has the ability to make the assent with respect to the punishments which were forced on the executives of the organization by the common punishment arrangements. On account of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Reiwa Inc (1999) 161 ALR 79 at 86 the court announced that it was simply the obligation of the court to be totally fulfilled by the punishments constrained on the chiefs are not destructive to the residents. Along these lines, the proposition made by the ASIC was endorsed by the court in regards to the punishments. The chiefs additionally concurred before the court of the way that their organization had abused the s. 674((2) at two events. This was done as it was clear and the executives of the organization likewise concurred that where the temporary substance of the understanding was given to the reasonable speculator it would have mediumly affected the aggregate of the offer. The executives additionally conceded that they likewise neglected to ensure that fitting assertion was required under s. 674(2) of the CA, towards the gatherings who gave the store to the venture. The executives of the organization likewise made an admission that the infringement of s. 674(2) was finished by them intentionally in light of the fact that they didn't let the organization do the suitable assertion which is required by the law (FCA 990at 51). The organization additionally made a potential or a genuine delineation before the financial specialists who gave the subsidizing for the venture while making the declaration by the ASX, which was that the organization had the option to procure a measure of $6.1 billion for the Western Australia venture. The association too made an admission that the portrayal done by them had the parts of being tricky or deluding and likely as bamboozle or deceive. It was proclaimed that the organization had no such limit of delivering an assurance to the bank of a measure of 6.1 billion which was important to get the necessary subsidizing as the litigant requested it. This was a significant infringement of the s. 1041H by the organization. A reasonable chief could never have driven the organization to do something like this that is having a deceptive or misleading conduct. Be that as it may, the executives led such an offense and henceforth abused the s. 180(1). Terence Martin Quinn who was the third among all the respondents, an announcement was passed by the court for him as

Keep the Comics in Christmas Happy Holidays from Your Friends at Panels!

Keep the Comics in Christmas Happy Holidays from Your Friends at Panels! Whether Christmas is something you celebrate, muddle through, or a fancy name for just another Thursday, we hope this missive finds you well and happy and surrounded by great comics. Heres an image of Santa Claus riding Shazam. C.C. Beck, you maniac. Its a long story. Captain Marvel Adventures #19 (1943), Cover by C.C. Beck For the rest of the year well be revisiting some of our greatest hits from the year that was, from our most insightful and poignant essays and our silliest musings, to that one quiz about butts (so far). Sure, we only started back in October, but Im tremendously proud of this team and the work theyve been doing. In the mean time, well be reading and writing in eager anticipation of 2015, our first full year of celebrating comics, the people who make them, and the people who love them (thats you). Before I go, one request. As it is the season of giving, please consider making a donation to the fund for iconic Batman artist Norm Breyfogle, who suffered a stroke earlier this month and received a daunting medical bill. He still has a long recovery ahead of him. Norm has suffered paralysis on his left side (and is left handed). As an artistthat is devastating! Norm now needs months of extended care in a Nursing Home fscility with daily therapy that will hopefully enable him to once again, continue his skillful art and regain his mobility to be able to walk again. Please donate if you are able, and of course spread the word. Thank you. Continue to love what you love. Happy holidays from our family to yours. Paul Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Differences Between Caucasian American And Hispanic Americans

The United States is a big country which involved multiple races, religions, cultures, and languages..etc.. Before I came to the U.S, I couldn’t tell the difference between a Caucasian American and a Hispanic American since their face and body structure seemed similar to me at that time. It took me about a year to fluently identify an individual’s ethnicity based on his/her appearance. Therefore, I was confused when I had to live with fifty people who came from different states. They all had different personalities, accents, and appearances. Based on my experience after my nine weeks training with the platoon, I divided my friends into three different categories. The people who well planned their future, the people who didn t plan their future and the people who joined because of the family guidance. The first category was the people who well planned their future before coming to the basic training. This type of people often was married and had a degree before joining the army. They had a standard living, but they wanted more than that. They joined the army for its benefits; they also did a lot of researches on the benefits before they signed the contract. They worked hard on the missions to make sure that they achieved their goals, expectations. They were mature to lead the platoon, and they could handle the stress very well. When I came to the basic training, I was lucky enough to befriend with Murray and Murphy. Murray was a lawyer while Murphy was a hotel manager.Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Dementia1237 Words   |  5 Pagesto shut down. (About Alzheimers Disease: Symptons) In an effort to understand how AD is diagnosed across racial bounders and percentage comparisons of those diagnosed with AD, three studies were reviewed regarding racial differences of Alzheimer’s: â€Å"Race/ethnic differences in Alzheimer disease survival in US Alzheimer Disease Centers† – a study conducted by the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). This data was collect from over 30 AD centers in the US from 1984 to 2005. 30,916Read MoreThe Relationship Between Ethnicity And Risk Factor For Eating Disorders1721 Words   |  7 PagesRachel Ahn Psych 38 Professor Krause Relationship between Ethnicity and Risk Factor for Eating Disorders The relationship between ethnicity and eating disorder risk factors is a complex issue. There are many other variables that affect these two ideas, such as socioeconomic status, level of educational attainment, and acculturation. Flaws in studies such as unrepresentative and insubstantial sample size, and participation bias still have yet to be corrected for in order to obtain a more accurateRead MoreThe s Fight For Equality1266 Words   |  6 Pagesday in Ferguson, Missouri, that in fact would go down infamy and as day that many would use as a basis in the fight for equality. According to BBC, it was around noon when Michael Brown, who was African American, was walking down the middle of a busy street with a friend. Darren Wilson , a caucasian police officer, approached the two because of the traffic they were creating by walking in the middle of the road. They refused to comply with the officer s request, to which the officer once again askedRead MoreCrime And Imprisonment : The H igher Chance Of Recidivism1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent communities, families, but in the male population alone the criminals are sentenced differently. African Americans (63.9 months) were given longer sentences on average, followed by Caucasian s (58.0 months) and Hispanics (52.8 months) (McGovern, 319). Since African Americans and Hispanics are given longer sentences their recidivism rate is much higher than that of Caucasian . 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The lack of quality education blacks receive has contributed to significant health differences between CaucasiansRead MoreUnfair Discrimination and Tital Selection Process: A Solution for Adverse Impact845 Words   |  4 Pagesof the minorities will be divided by the pass rate of the majority (Caucasians). The pass rate for Caucasians is 47.5 while the pass rate in calculating the majority (male) in the gender section is 44.2. African Americans: 27.8 / 47.5 = 0.58526 = 58.5 %. The pass rate of the African American is less than 80%, this means there is prove of adverse impact. Hispanics: 43.1 / 47.5 = 0.90736 = 90.7 %. The pass rate of the Hispanics show that there is no prove of adverse impact Females: 51.4 / 44.2 =Read MoreBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 Pagesin the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American community is lessRead MoreTarget Behavior Project1028 Words   |  5 Pages 1 1 Black 1 1 1 5 6 7 Hispanic 1 1 1 White 2 2 4 26 61 87 91 Grand Total 3 3 6 27 67 94 100 The above table summarizes my collected data, where it is shown that I have 100 data points. Of these 100 points, 1% represents people of Asian origin, 7% represent African Americans, 1% represents Hispanic peoples, and the remaining 91% represent those of Caucasian descent. The single Asian data point in my sample belongs to a man with no children, while the Hispanic data point is a woman without

Essay on Authority and Obedience - 2310 Words

Authority and Obedience Thesis: We consciously or unconsciously obey authority in all walks of life on a daily basis. Obedience is when there is legitimate power, there is pressure to comply. Compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. Authority being the legal or rightful power; a right to command or enforce obedience on another. This essay shall discuss, explore and evaluate the explanations as to why people obey authority. After the Nazis justified genocide by saying that they were simply following orders, a psychologist named Stanley Milgram (1963) decided to carry out a study to try to answer the question of how far individuals†¦show more content†¦He introduced a further participant, who was in fact an accomplice actor. The participants drew lots to determine who would be the learner and who would be the teacher. Brantt drew the teacher role, and the actor, the learner role. Brantt was unaware that the roles had been fixed. The lesson was to learn a verbal task and the teacher administered a shock each time the learner got the answer wrong. The shock was increased by one increment every time a wrong answer was given. The learner was strapped to a chair which was connected to a very imposing looking shock generator which ranged between 15 volts and 450 volts. On the generator the words labeled the shock gage from slight shock to DANGER: SEVERE SHOCK. In fact, although it appeared to, the generator did not emit any electrical shock at all. The actor was instructed to cry out at 150 volts and intensify the level of verbal reaction as the volts increased. At 300 volts he was instructed to pound on the wall, later ceasing to reply or make any further noise. No response to a question was seen to be a wrong answer, therefore the teacher would be told to carry on shocking. The study was to be watched by the experimenter (the figure of authority who would order the teacher to continue to the end). 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Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the properRead MoreObedience to Authority Essays836 Words   |  4 Pageshuman being’s life; along with this, is the expectation of obedience to that authority. Through this obedience, many great things have been accomplished, as well as many instances of cruel and immoral acts. Defiance of the established authority, though, has also lead to great things, such as the creation and founding of the United States of America. In his writing, Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram examines the obedience to authority without question ing or taking responsibility and the problemsRead MoreObedience to Authority Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesAuthority cannot exist without obedience. 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He was stimulated by the trial and execution of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal who was put to death for the crimes he committed under Hitler’s authority (McLeod , Obedience to Authority, 2007). The objective of his research was centered on the question: â€Å"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could

Why Top Female Athletes Stay in Male-Dominated Sports to an Elite Level Free Essays

string(135) " of female athletes in male-dominated sports will be explained by male hegemonic concepts as well as cultural and structural concepts\." Abstract This study is focused on why top female athletes stay in male-dominated sports to an elite level and involves female athletes from different countries. Semi-structured interviews will be carried out on 15 participants. The study is characteristically interpretive and qualitative, and involves a four-year timeframe. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Top Female Athletes Stay in Male-Dominated Sports to an Elite Level or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Background Sport is an institution that continues to create, reinforce, and maintain male hegemony. However, some of its aspects may also be seen as a product of collective effort. Gender diversity in sports are often placed in subtle, multi-level and ignored structures and behaviours embodied in sport organisations. Hence, there is a need for continued work on the matter (Fink 2008). The participation of female athletes in male-dominated sports will be explained by male hegemonic concepts as well as cultural and structural concepts. You read "Why Top Female Athletes Stay in Male-Dominated Sports to an Elite Level" in category "Essay examples" 1.1 What prompted the interest in the topic What prompted the interest in the topic was the researcher’s own exposure in female sports where she was able to associate with elite female athletes of various ages from different countries, including those under Islamic rule and the Muslim region, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. She has had worked closely with female competitors in over 50 members of the International Federation of Muaythai Amateur (IFMA), and hence considers the topic a realisable one. Since the researcher is into sports herself and associates with the likely respondents of the study, she finds the topic both interesting and challenging. 1.2 Relevance to Previous Research The relevance of the topic to previous research is that it serves as a supporting material to what has already been claimed of the participation of female athletes in male-dominated sports. Previous research has indicated the prevailing role of cultural and structural systems that produce and reproduce these sports as an exclusive realm of male athletes (e.g. Anderson 2008; Carty 2005). The present study confirms these notions, and likewise looks into patterns of possibilities whereby female athletes can be generally accepted and recognised within these once male-stereotyped sports. 1.3 Contributions to the Research and the Field The study’s contribution to research is identified in its investigation of culture, and somehow, of gender issues, in the participation of female athletes in male-dominated sports. Its contribution to the field is its introduction of certain theoretical concepts that can explain why female athletes continue to delve into male-dominated sports and an analytical explanation of their intent to stay or move out of the system. 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives This study aims to ascertain why top female athletes stay in male-dominated sports to an elite level; the hurdles they face and how they overcome these hurdles. It also aims to draw out the similarities in challenges faced by these elite athletes and to see if such challenges are similar across cultures and religions. The study purports to use this understanding to help support women to stay in a specific sport once they are already participating. The objectives of the research are as follows: To review the existing literature on the subject of Sports Sociology in relation to women’s sports participation; To conduct interviews and surveys to elite female athletes from various countries; To find out gaps in knowledge within the field; and To provide recommendations for future research. 2. Literature Review This part of the research proposal identifies a range of works and studies related to the topic being investigated. It aims to establish the theoretical framework for the study and provide evidence to the topic. 2.1 Trends in the Literature Relating to the Research Topic In their work, Krane, Choi, and Baird et al. (2004) stated that female athletes live in two cultures: One that is characteristically masculine; and the other – the larger social culture – which celebrates femininity. The study was linked to feminist cultural studies and aimed to determine how female athletes negotiate femininity-based social expectations with athleticism. It involved 21 female athletes who served as participants in focus group discussions. Three themes comprised the data analysis, specifically the ‘influence of physicality, femininity, and athlete as other.’ The data revealed that being athletic is in contrast to being feminine and that the participants themselves felt being marginalised as athletes and expressed that others perceive them as being ‘different’ from typical women. Despite these, they were proud of their physical strength and developed bodies and regarded themselves as being empowered, which can be generalised bey ond the context of sports (Krane et al. 2004). The use of focus group discussions in the study aimed at encouraging self-disclosure amongst female athletes with similar experiences and reducing the anxiety that might be felt in individual interviews. The authors also pinpointed the fact that focus groups are especially effective in feminist research (Krane, et al. 2004). According to Carty (2005), sport has been a social aspect that has traditionally prevented women from participating. Recent policy developments and broadening public support enabled girls and women to participate dramatically in sports that had been typically limited only to men. Female athletes had come out from those sports that had been stereotypically designated only to them, such as tennis and gymnastics, and can now play male-dominated sports such as hockey, football, rugby, and so on. Of equal significance is the revealing of masculinity constriction and the concept of gender differences. Hence, Carty explored social changes accompanying the broadening popularity of women in sports and some opposing messages in advertisements initiated by these changes. The qualitative method is used in the study to explore all the issues covered by the aims and objectives, which were tackled through semi-structured interviews. It may be inferred that Carty’s assertion on the constraint s placed against women in regard to participating in male-stereotyped sports is similar to the notion of Krane et al. (2004), specifically the marginalisation of female athletes and their being perceived as different from normal women. There is therefore congruence between the two authors in reference to their view of the situation of female athletes in male-dominated sports. On the other hand, Pringle (2005) emphasised that issues linked to female sport and exercise can be examined via Foucauldian theories. However, the Gramscian theory, which is used to examine the concept of masculine hegemony, remains dominant. The article made a comparison and contrast of the theoretical tools branching from Foucault and Gramsci’s writings in relation to investigating sport and masculinities. It was indicated that masculine hegemony does not simply point to a prevailing concept of masculinity but also to specific understandings of power that may be problematic to some. The discussion is useful to the study as it focused on the concept of masculine hegemony that can address the prevailing male dominance in sports, as well as male sports in general, which had once been (and continuous to be) considered an exclusive field for male athletes. It is important to note that Pringle’s assertion provides the groundwork for the situation of female athletes, as ex plored by the concept of masculine hegemony that explains women’s marginalisation, pinpointed earlier by Carty (2005) and Krane et al. (2004). Pringle’s concept of masculine hegemony was similarly described by Whisenant, Pedersen, and Obenour (2002) who cited the end of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) as the cause for sport administrators to deal with reestablishing their place as athletic directors. The study aimed at assessing the success ratio of these directors, focusing primarily on gender. The initial results validated the expected findings that masculine hegemony is a well-established concept within inter-collegiate athletics. This is note-worthy in the topic’s exploration of the hurdles faced by female athletes in male-dominated sports. On the other hand, Vincent, Imwold, and Masemann et al. (2002) made an investigation of female athletes’ receipt of equitable coverage in â€Å"women’s games.† The study made a comparison of six selected newspapers from Canada, Great Britain, and the United States and how they dealt with male and female athletes during the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games. The qualitative method and content analysis were used for the comparison of all articles and photographs of athletes on all newspapers involved. Albeit there were differences found, the results generally demonstrated an equitable amount of coverage for both male and female athletes participating in the games. The study confirmed the idea that female athletes receive increased newspaper coverage when they participate in major competitions. However, analysing critically Vincent et al.’s work against those of Pringle (2005), Krane et al. (2004), and Carty (2005), one may posit that the former tackled a rather neutral presentation of female athletes vis-a-vis male athletes, as demonstrated by the equitable newspaper coverage on them. Vincent et al. looked into the ‘outward configuration’ of the male-female dichotomous existence in sports, as against the internal focus made by Pringle (2005), Krane et al. (2004), and Carty (2005). 2.1.1 The Role of Culture in Sports In their study, Elling and Knoppers (2005) used a social-critical perspective to analyse symbolic sport inclusion/exclusion in relation to gender and ethnicity amongst adolescents. The findings suggested that dominant normative gendered images still influence young people’s preferences in sport participation. Sport can function as an integrating agent as well as a differentiating and discriminating tool amongst the youth. With regard to gender, sport participation is less predictable because of such circumstances as ethnicity interactions. Albeit ethnic minority females had the least participation in sport, a relatively higher value is placed on traditional masculine sports such as karate and soccer. Additionally, the potential circumstance of being labeled as ‘sissy’ serves as a powerful mechanism to exclude oneself from participating in conventional sports for girls. However, stereotypical images are continually challenged as well (Elling and Knoppers 2005). Viewing the earlier notions of gender-based explanations of the uneven perception between male and female athletes (e.g. Pringle 2005; Krane et al. 2004, and Carty 2005), Elling and Knoppers apparently provided a deeper explanation of the reason for such disparity. On the other hand, Pelak (2005) emphasised on how South African female football players negotiate ideological constrictions in participating in the stereotypically masculine sport. The author highlighted the micro-level experiences of situating athletes within social structures at macro level, such as apartheid. The study used a multi-method approach, including interviews, survey, observations, and documentary data. Various feminist sport frameworks and theoretical insights of Black feminists contributed to the analysis. The findings revealed an ongoing creative resistance amongst female soccer athletes against exclusionary practices in the sport. Pelak evidently upheld the findings of Elling and Knoppers (2005) with regard to symbolic sport inclusion/exclusion, as exemplified by social structures that serve as constraints to female participation in male-dominated sports. Meanwhile, the study of Anderson (2008) explored the cultural and structural elements that contribute to the breeding of anti-feminine perspectives amongst men in team sports. The authors initially led the readers to the view that men’s separation into a homosocial environment puts a limit to their social contact with women and promotes a hostile masculinity that induces the proliferation of orthodox views about women. However, the study also suggested that when these same men participate in a gender-incorporating cheerleading sport competition, they tend to reinvent their perspectives toward women. The author used a range of theoretical concepts and linked them to grounded observations and interviews, upon which a theoretical model was established. He specifically used a socio-feminist theory of masculinity that holds gender as being formulated by an intricate interaction of â€Å"organisational culture, institutional power, and individual agency.† The study involved a sample of 68 male cheerleaders who identified themselves as heterosexual and who used to play football. The findings suggested that the socially negative outcomes affixed to male sport athletes might potentially reduce through gender-incorporating sports (Anderson 2008). This study is relevant to the topic under study as it explains the male athlete’s propensities when participating in male and female stereotypical games, thereby contributing to its query on why women stay in male-dominated sports. 2.2 Limitations and/or Gaps in the Literature The existing literature on the topic is observed to include works that are not very recent, which hence suggests a need for updated findings. There are not many academic studies delving into the issue of culture as a prevailing factor for certain sports to be perceived as typically male; and most of which are discussed using gender-based criteria. Theoretical Framework Below is the theoretical framework of the study based on the literature: Figure 1: Theoretical Framework 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Research Paradigm The interpretive and positivist paradigms are utilised in this research. The interpretive paradigm states that social actors generate meanings about their interaction in the world. Social reality is hence interpreted as an attempt to interpret the world, thereby connoting a subscription to realist ontology (Scott and Morrison 2005). The use of interpretive paradigm is justified in this study as it attempts to gather interview data that are grounded on ascertaining perceived realities surrounding female athletes, as well as the meanings they append to these realities. The positivist approach, on the other hand, relies on the methods of the natural science (Lee 1991) and is seen in the study’s use of survey to assist certain inferences suggested by interview data. 3.2 Research Design and Method This study is characteristically mixed methods (combination of qualitative and quantitative methods) in its research design. Qualitative methods hold that findings about human interaction (e.g. female athletes) can be understood better and more systematically when studied from the inside out rather than the opposite (Monsen and Horn 2008). Quantitative methods, on the other hand, maintain that phenomena can be explained by collecting numerical data (for this study is the survey) that are analysed through statistical methods (Mujis 2011). 3.3 Participants The research participants for both interviews and the survey are 13-35 year-old female athletes from different countries with whom the researcher has frequent association, including those under Islamic rule and Muslim religion, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. The sample size for the interview is 15, which is considered sufficient to generate findings. For the survey, the sample size is 35. 3.4 Data Collection Primary and secondary data shall be collected. Primary data shall be generated from semi-structured interviews and the survey whilst secondary data shall support the primary data and shall be obtained from books and academic journals. An interview schedule and a survey questionnaire will be constructed. 3.5 Data Analysis and Discussion Once the information has been established, data analysis will take place using the thematic analysis, which intends to find patterns/themes/meanings from a range of data sets (Hamdan 2009). The discussion will be towards addressing the research questions and will be backed by the literature. 3.6 Weaknesses and Limitation The study finds no weakness in its methodology. One limitation that can be identified is in terms of using interviews for data gathering, which is perceived to lack generalisability because of a relatively small sample (Ford 2012). This is addressed by using a larger sample (15 participants) (e.g. Waltz, Krumperman, and Zigmont 2011) and triangulation through the survey. 3.7 Ethical Considerations First amongst the ethical considerations that the study takes note of is the anonymity of the target participants, as well as the confidentiality of data to be collected. It is the researcher’s responsibility to ensure that participants provide informed consent prior to their participation and that they have the right to withdraw their participation at any point, without incurring any liability. The data collection shall take place vis-a-vis having informed the participants of the general purpose of the study and why their participation is being sought. Moreover, the data will be stored in a database using passwords that only the researcher knows, whilst the survey questionnaires will be put to safekeeping and disposed of upon the total completion of the research in order not to be accessed by anyone. The proposal shall require approval from an ethics committee. 3.8 Significance of the Research This study is significant in a number of ways, one of which is its contribution to the existing literature on female participation in what has been generally considered as male-dominated sport. Another is its confirmation of the prevailing role of culture and gendered images in such perception, as well as the continuing struggle of female athletes to situate themselves in the realm of sports, thereby adding to the existing knowledge on the subject. 3.9 Timeline The research timeline starts on February 3, 2014 and ends on February 16, 2018. The first part of the survey will be done in May 2014. The various aspects of the research are shown in the Gantt chart below: Figure 2: Gantt chart showing the research timeline References Anderson, E. (2008) ‘I Used to Think Women Were Weak’: Orthodox Masculinity, Gender Segregation, and Sport. Sociological Forum, 23 (2), 257-280. Carty, V. (2005) Textual Portrayals of Female Athletes: Liberation or Nuanced Forms of PatriarchyFrontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 26 (2), 132-172. Elling, A. and Knoppers, A. (2005) Sport, Gender and Ethnicity: Practices of Symbolic Inclusion/Exclusion. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34 (3), 257-268. Fink, J. S. (2008) Gender and Sex Diversity in Sport Organizations: Concluding Comments. Sex Roles, 58 (1-2), 146-147. Ford, N. (2012) The Essential Guide to Using the Web Research. First Edition. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Hamdan, A. (2009) Muslim Women Speak: A Tapestry of Lives and Dreams. Toronto: Women’s Press. Krane, V., Choi, P. Y. L., Baird, S. M., Aimar, C. M., and Kauer, K. J. (2004) Living the Paradox: Female Athletes Negotiate Femininity and Muscularity. Sex Roles, 50 (5/6), 315-329. Lee, A. S. (1991) Integrating Positivist and Interpretive Approaches to Organizational Research. Organization Science, 2 (4), 342-365. Monsen, E. R. and Horn, L. V. (2008) Research: Successful Approaches. Third Edition. US: American Dietetic Association. Mujis, D. (2011) Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. Second Edition. London: SAGE Publications. Pelak, C. F. (2005) Negotiating Gender/Race/Class Constraints in the New South Africa: A Case Study of Women’s Soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 40(1), 53-70. Pringle, R. (2005) Masculinities, Sport, and Power: A Critical Comparison of Gramscian and Foucauldian Inspired Theoretical Tools. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 29 (3), 256-278. Scott, D. and Morrison, M. (2005) Key Ideas in Educational Research. NY: Continuum International Publishing Group. Vincent, J., Imwold, C., Masemann, V., and Johnson, J. T. (2002) A Comparison of Selected ‘Serious’ and â€Å"Popular’ British, Canadian, and United States Newspaper Coverage of Female and Male Athletes Competing in the Centennial Olympic Games: Did Female Athletes receive Equitable Coverage in the â€Å"Games of the Women†International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 37 (3-4), 319-335. Waltz, B. J., Krumperman, K. M., and Zigmont, J. (2011) Foundations of EMS Systems. Mason, OH: Delmar Cengage Learning. Whisenant, W. A., Pedersen, P. M., and Obenour, B. L. (2002) Success and Gender: Determining the Rate of Advancement for Intercollegiate Athletic Directors. Sex Roles, 47 (9-10), 485-491. How to cite Why Top Female Athletes Stay in Male-Dominated Sports to an Elite Level, Essay examples

Widespread Panic Live free essay sample

Widespread Panic Live at the Wharf in Orange Beach last April was an electrifying experience. The show opened with a blues-rock jam band called North Mississippi Allstars, who got the crowd moving long before the main event.  ­Anticipation grew fierce as showtime neared. The crowd roared as lead singer John Bell walked to the mic and thanked the opening band. Widespread Panic began with â€Å"Send your Mind† as the crowd cheered and began dancing. The first set resembled a roller-coaster ride with mellow songs that jammed into upbeat ones to keep the audience on its toes. During the second set, the lead singer and guitarist from the North Mississippi Allstars joined Panic for a few songs, including a cover of a Blind Willie Johnson song called â€Å"Keep Your Lamps Trimmed and Burnin.† With intertwined dueling guitar solos from Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and Jimmy Herring of Widespread Panic, this was definitely a remarkable moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Widespread Panic Live or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the end of the show, as the crowd was leaving, a loud cheer shook the stadium confirming satisfaction.